Physical Developments in Adolescence

Physical Developments in Adolescence Introduction Adolescence occurs at different ages for different cultures, while generally considered to be between the ages of 13-18 it is actually the developmental stage in a humans life cycle between childhood and adulthood. During this time the body undergoes many changes quite rapidly much akin to infancy, where drastic growth takes place in a small period of time, however it is less obvious just how much is going on in adolescence. Puberty causes a great many changes as the bodies development of secondary sexual characteristics begins to take place, the brain changes which leads to expanded cognition and streamlined neural pathways. The new developments in the brain cause an influx of hormones into the body which sets off many of these changes, the physical growth has many socioemotional affects as well. These developments impact the childs learning directly through the changes to its brain and indirectly due to socioemotional changes that puberty can have on a child. The implication of the se changes must be taken into account when planning classes and teaching strategies for secondary school students who are going through puberty and in the midst of adolescence. Milestones: The key development during adolescence is puberty. Adolescence can be different depending on culture but is broadly defined as the period between childhood and adulthod as defined my Duchene and McMaugh in Educational Psychology for Learning and Teaching 5th edition. Puberty is the biological changes associated with sexual maturity as defined my Duchene and McMaugh in Educational Psychology for Learning and Teaching 5th edition. Males and females present different physiological changes during puberty and adolescence. Puberty normally starts during adolescence, usually around the age of 13, however it can occur earlier. Females can often start puberty at an earlier age than males. Limbs grow quickly at the start of puberty which can consequentially lead to clumsiness Both sexes experience an increase in height and weight which is followed by menarche in females and semenarche in males. Menarche is the first menstruation in females and semenarche is the first ejaculation of males. The start of puberty in girls is marked by a drastic increase in height and weight along with the start of breast development, there is a 40% increase in body fat by the end of these changes. Males start puberty by having changes occur to the testes and scrotum, this is followed by the appearance of pubic hair and the growth of the penis. Later during pubertal growth in males, the height and weight changes occur, there is a significant increase in muscle, far more than occurs in females who instead develop more body fat. Towards the end of pubertal development males undergo further changes, the larynx lengthens and their voice deepens, facial hair becomes more abundant. The brain undergoes several changes during adolescence that occur with the onset of puberty. Nerve cells called neurons that are responsible for transmitting and storing information within the brain. Neurons transmit information along axons, jumping a synapse via a chemical neurotransmitter before continuing on to another neuron. By the time a human reaches adulthood it has only half the neurons that it generated through its developmental stages. Some neurons die off and others are pruned, the brain has produced man more neurons and synapses than what are needed, this removes the clutter allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of information along with the space for new connections between neurons to be made. The neural connections that are left and used often undergo a process called myelination which is where an axon is coated in an insulating fatty sheath that greatly increases the speed of information transmission. The use it or lose it approach as stated by geidd, where whatever the child is doing and learning through repetition will become stronger in the brain while unused or less used neural pathways may eventually be pruned. During adolescence, the prefrontal cortex is still developing, it will not complete growth until sometime in the third decade of life, maybe not until 25 years of age. Reward centres of the brain are activated early in the adolescent developmental stage. The late development of the pre-frontal cortex and its linking to the amygdala can lead to risk taking behaviour. The rise in melatonin in the brain during development will change the sleeping patterns in adolescence, adolescents will require more sleep or can suffer from memory loss. The amygdala is responsible for emotional memories and learning, it is also plays a part in the fear response. The hippocampus is important to recent memories, helping sort the when, where and what of events. Implications: Due to the emotional memory centres being more prominent in adolescence it means that teachings that emotionally resonate with students will stick with them easier. Lessons that have meaning or cause emotional responses are best. The changes in height and weight along with sedentary lifestyles of teenagers can lead to obesity, encouraging healthy eating habits and physical exercise can help combat this. The lengthening of limbs and enlarging of hands and feet leads to clumsiness, growth of secondary physical sexual characteristics such as breasts, facial hair and lengthening of the larynx (causing the voice to break), acne and the increase in complex thought and emotional depth can lead to many adolescents becoming very self-conscious. Teachers should be very careful not to make students feel self-aware or picked on as any damage to self-image or feelings of being singled out will be felt very keenly. Due to the development of the hippocampus and the link between it and the prefrontal cortex leads to an increased amount of things that can be held in mind at once. This means teachers can give learners easily digestible chunks of information and they should be able to hold them in mind to apply them to topics. Due to the self awareness direct competitions between students should be discouraged. However sports and physical exercise is important and is inheritabntly competitive, the exercise should be promoted but our best to keep students spirits up. Team building exercises both on the sports field and in the classroom are important to allow students to use their newly developed brains to focus Pedagogical strategy Due to the many drastic changes that adolescence undergo it is important to implement strategies that help them become comfortable with these changes and use knowledge of them to maximise a students learning. Due to the changes in the brain in adolescence students will want to develop a sense of self, take part in their learning and have contact with their peers. All of these things are useful to help teenagers become accustomed to working with others, expressing themselves and grow their confidence, however, student directed learning can be chaotic so planning and control needs to be paramount. The developments in body and brain can lead to students being self-conscious and to question themselves, it is important to make sure that any teaching strategy does not put students in competition with each other. The teacher will give a topic or theory to guide the class, study groups then enable the children to have freedom to grow and form their own opinions. Breaking students up into small groups to talk over ideas and have each write ideas down and them discuss them with the class would allow all of these changes to help maximise their learning. If student groups are mixed up every week so that they can see each others strengths and learn from each other, helping develop social skills and expand their ideas. This self-discovery will mean any ideas they have will have meaning to them and any praise for their thoughts will be felt more keenly and it is expressed in front of peers. This approach will help encourage each individuals skills and knowledge within a small group, again, it is important to make sure never to make groups vie for dominance, or make a class a competition. The importance of healthy eating and physical exercise means that anything that can be done to make the class active is important. In early adolescence students are all at different stages of puberty and their strength, skill and coordination will all be very different as their bodies change. While sports tend to be inherently competitive, it is very important to make sure that students do not feel like they are competing with each other as it can lead to embarrassment and disappointment, a fear to fail in the future which can have people remove themselves from physical exercise so as to not have to experience these feelings again. Conclusion The many and rapid changes that adolescents undergo through puberty lead to a diverse classroom that needs a different approach for different students. The physical development throughout adolescence are inseparable from the cognitive, social and emotional changes that puberty leads to. While a lot of obvious changes occur with the body such as height and weight gain, lengthening of limbs and changes to the sex organs, the most interesting changes occur within the brain with the release of hormones. The changes in the brain lead to changes in cognition, social development and emotions, they can lead to the risky behaviour that is often associated with teens and is why such care needs to be taken with the teaching strategies employed with adolescent students. Adolescence can prove to be a fragile time so care is taken to teach in a way that benefits the developing brain and to not cause any lasting scars. Repetition of good behaviours will myelinate to be used more often and quicker.

Midterm part 2

Imagine a government beholden to corporate interests, in which private corporations write laws favoring themselves to the detriment of the citizenry and small business, where the wealthiest corporations are unregulated and are taxed at extremely low rates while average citizens are required to foot the costs of an expensive and questionable war and government imposes policies in which they have little – if any – say. Imagine large chain stores moving into towns in which they drive all the smaller merchants out of business, then suck up local revenues which are sent to owners and stockholders far away, contributing virtually nothing to the local economy. While this may sound like the last five years of U.S. history, it was also true of the years leading up to the Revolution.   These were the economic issues that eventually led to rebellion and ultimately, independence from Britain. Tensions between the colonists began almost twenty years before rebellion finally broke out in 1775. During the â€Å"French and Indian War†Ã‚   (also known as the Seven Years War), the British military was known to â€Å"impress† locals into combat service against their will, and confiscate what they needed from private citizens without payment (Zinn, 67). Britain triumphed and gained territories in present-day Canada, but the cost was high. Parliament’s decision to the decision to tax the colonies directly was the culmination of a long power struggle between the merchants and the landowners in the legislatures. The former believed that the Crown should go further in insuring that the colonies served the best interests of â€Å"the mother country,† i.e., themselves, since much of their livelihood was dependent upon trade with and imports from the colonies. Eventually, these mercantilist policies were instituted, which gave the Crown an excuse to exercise greater power in the colonies than it had before. Britain meanwhile issued the Proclamation Line in 1763, prohibiting settlement west of the Allegheny and Appalachian Mountains. The official reason was to keep peace between colonists and indigenous peoples. In reality, it was intended to favor large corporate interests in England, allowing them to monopolize trade with Natives as well as engage in land speculation. This was only the first of a series of laws favoring corporate interests over those of individuals. The following year, the British government passed the Sugar Act, which imposed a tax on molasses from the British West Indies as well as on several additional products. The purpose was to raise Crown revenues, but to the colonists, it was taxation to which they had not consented (Fone, 150). This was followed by the Stamp Act. This had a dual purpose: to raise revenue, and to â€Å"gag† the North American press, which was circulating information regarding these increasingly repressive tax policies. This Act galvanized the resistance as a delegation sent a petition to King George III insisting that the colonies could be taxed only by their own consent. Parliament was forced to back down, repealing both the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act. These were replaced however with high duties on glass, lead, paper, cloth and tea. The colonists responded with a boycott which sharply reduced the number of British goods coming to the colonies – and greatly hurting mercantile and corporate profits. Corporate interests appealed to Parliament to rescind these duties. Parliament agreed to end all but one: the Tea Tax. While tensions between Britain and its North Americas colonies were growing throughout the region for various reasons, the issue of the Tea Tax turned out to be the spark that finally lit the fuse leading to the explosion of open rebellion. What is odd is that the colonists – hardly united, and descended from peoples that had â€Å"classes† and â€Å"orders† ingrained into their culture – would have ever gotten it in their minds to rebel in the first place. In fact, the colonists did not necessarily wish to break with Britain; they simply wanted the rights they were entitled to as British subjects, which they believed they were being denied. However, there was a philosophy that had been around for well over a century. The basis of modern democracy actually originated in the writings of Thomas Hobbes, who wrote of the â€Å"social contract,† and more importantly John Locke. Around 1680, he had written that government of a people has legitimacy only as long as it has consent of the people it governs, and only as long as it protected those innate, or â€Å"natural† rights that every person has by virtue of being born. Locke listed these as the rights to â€Å"life, liberty and property.† By the time his words found their way into the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"property† had become â€Å"the pursuit of happiness.† Locke’s interpretation of the â€Å"social contract† theory stated that when government failed to guard those rights and no longer had the consent of the governed, it was the â€Å"natural right† of the people to overthrow it. Locke’s philosophies were very influential on French writers Voltaire and Rousseau – whose nation was instrumental in securing the colonist’s victory – as well as the writings of Thomas Paine and Benjamin Franklin. In Common Sense – a pamphlet that was circulated widely in the colonies – echoed Locke when he called up upon the colonists to â€Å"†¦oppose, not only the tyranny, but the tyrant, stand forth!† (Foner, 4)   Paine was also one of the first to point out the heterogeneous makeup of the colonies, being composed of peoples from several different nations, arguing that the â€Å"birthday of a new world is at hand, and a race of men.† Works Cited Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! An American History.   New York: W.W. Norton,   2006. Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of The United States (3rd ed.) New York: Harper Collins, 2003.   

Written Performance Concept

Written Performance Concept Play: Translations As a director, I want to emphasise the concept of a forbidden romance which is the essential theme of the play. So in my duologue, it was important to remember my directorial intentions throughout in order for the audience to understand the complexity of the situation. ‘Translations’ was written by the Irish playwright Brian Friel in 1980, however, it is set in the 19th century in it fictional town on Baile Beag.Brian Friel stated that ‘Translations’ is â€Å"a play about language and only about language† but it deals with a wide range of issues, stretching from language and communication to cultural imperialism. He based it in Ireland due to the fluidity of the Irish language and to make it harder for literal translation, as David Grant explains â€Å"The very nature of translation is so delicate, so unpredictable, that the only practical solution was to explore ideas in practice on the rehearsal room f loor. Historical elements relevant to inform my embodiment of role would be the English’s role in taking over Ireland in the 1930’s, as most Irish were reduced to near poverty whereas the English had masses of wealth. Also, they planned to take everything of Irish importance away, such as lessons in school only being taught in English when over half of the population spoke Gaelic. To demonstrate the fact we are in a field, not many props are used except a bale of hay we use for me to sit on and state â€Å"the grass must be wet, my feet are soaking. We decided to set it in a field as it has to be somewhere away from civilisation where no one will catch them. We are also using and Irish folk music track at the start to set the scene for the audience and give them a sense that they are in agricultural Ireland. In order to further shape and influence my character, I undertook some drama exercises to develop a deeper understanding of my character. An example would be non- verbal communication exercises where we would run through the scene once; they go through it only with the use of facial expression, proxemics and gestures.This helped me develop a joyful, but at times confused and frustrated facial expressions, for example on the line â€Å"What-What? † after Yolland states â€Å"Yes, I know your Marie, of course I know your Marie, I mean I have been watching you night and day for the past†¦Ã¢â‚¬  even though I don’t understand what he is saying, I should be able to recognize he is complimenting or saying something beautiful though facial expressions and gestures.Also to be more aware of my proxemics and levels so I don’t look superior or upright in any way and my gestures to be soft and calming, not rigid and stiff. Hot seating also helped me as we got an in depth analysis of my character and a deeper understanding of what their objectives may be is several different parts of the play. An example of this would be to ask Marie the question â€Å"How did you feel when you met George for the first time? † This helped me with my tone and voice to my subtle, sweet and lyrical.We also have to portray the hesitance between Yolland and Marie as there love isn’t only frowned upon in society because there statuses in society are at two totally different ends of the spectrum, but the love triangle between Manus, Yolland and Marie is a very problematic one. This further adds pressure to the situation and I need to be able to portray this awkwardness and lack of understanding for the audience to be able to fully connect with us as people. I also want the audience to feel empathy for our circumstances.

Movie Analysis The Film Movies - 1323 Words

Different films are composed of different structure, sound, genre, cinematography and of course actors. I think it is safe to say everyone at least once in their lifetime has watched a movie before, it does not necessarily have to be for entertainment it can also be for educational purposes. But how many actually sit and really take in the art of the film itself? To me, movies can be considered a work of art. There are so many things that go into creating a film to ensure that the message is clearly delivered across to the targeted audience. Movies are actually a mirror of life, they focus on real life problems, and the only difference is that the problems are being unfolded on a screen. Movies are such great things because a film could be made in South Africa or even in London, and people all over the world could see it and relate to it. This essay will focus on the differences among three international films, international meaning that they were written and directed by individuals outside of the United States. The three movies assigned for us to watch are: Yesterday, The Stoning of Soraya M, and Red Lantern. Each film mentioned above, contain a different outlook on life and have different film structure in general. The first movie I will be talking about is Yesterday. This is a 2004 South American movie that was written and directed by Darrell Roodt. Roodt himself was born in the city of Johannesburg in South Africa (Botha, 2012). Roodt’s main concern as a director isShow MoreRelatedMovie Marketing Plan1393 Words   |  6 PagesMovie Marketing Plan Ideas and Images Private Limited Executive Summary Situation Analysis Ideas and Images Private Limited was founded in 2010 by students of film making with a vision to develop new trend, and improve film making in Nepal. 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List 3 stages Addiction - 1424 Words

Addiction Addiction, to a layman, is an insane attraction or out of control (being hooked) towards a substance, event, person or an activity in an attempt to escape or avoid emptiness, meaningless, monotonous, boredom, loneliness etc, etc in life. Something that normal people found impossible to understand or comprehend. Advice (gentle or harsh), scolding and even beating would not deter them. Types of addiction: Substance addictions e.g. heroin, nicotine, alcohol Behavioral additions e.g. gambling, sex, eating, relationships, work, compulsive physical exercise, internet/tv, shopping, etc Basically, they are divided into functional and dysfunctional type. Below discussions focused on the dysfunctional like drug, alcohol and†¦show more content†¦The addict starts to act out his belief system in a ritualistic manner and his behavior is more out of control. Because the addict must make emotional sense to himself of the inappropriate behaviour, he turns to denial, repression, lies, rationalizations, and other defences to cope with what is happening. When the addict acts out, he must withdraw into his addictive personality to receive support. He started to isolate himself from others and the loneliness becomes another signal to act out (more alcohol or drugs). This vicious cycle serves to strengthen the addictive process. The behaviour becomes more ritualised. As the addict becomes more controlled by the process, those people around the addict sense his emotional withdrawal and react to it. This is the start of people problems, as the addict manipulates people and treats them as objects. The next thing that happens is for the people around the addict to label him as irresponsible, troubled, tense, crazy, or strange. Stage two, includes the development of tolerance (not able to escape the pain). Not only the addict is avoiding people now, if possible, people around him also wanted to avoid him because of the many intolerable issues like lies and stealing that the addicts bring forth in the family, neighbourhood or workplace if he is still employable . Relationship starts to dwindle and causes confusion and resentment not only with the addicts but among other family members too. Because ofShow MoreRelatedAlcohol Dependence: A Case Study1243 Words   |  5 Pagessome can actually use it only on occasions while others mess up their lives for it. Teens particularly are prone to the hazards of alcohol if they start quitting school to. 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Essay about Painting a Portrait of Death - 811 Words

â€Å"Painting a Portrait of Death† Death is inevitable to all forms of life. In giving birth to a typical family, Flannery O’Connor immediately sets the tone for their deaths, in the story, A Good Man is Hard To Find. OConnor’s play on words, symbolism and foreshadowing slowly paves the way for the family’s death. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;OConnor begins to paint the image of death with her presentation of the grandmother. As the family prepares for their adventure the grandmother carefully selects her attire. â€Å"A navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dress with a small white dot in the print. Her collars and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a†¦show more content†¦OConnor purposely places â€Å"five or six† graves in that area to symbolize each of the family members. This scene foreshadows that all of the family members are put to death in a completely isolated area, surrounded by the thickness of nothing. The grandmother tells the family, â€Å"That was the old family burying ground. That belonged to the plantation† (OConnor 268). Not only does her quote symbolize that their whole family will soon lay their, but it allows the son to inquire, â€Å"Were’s the plantatio n† (OConnor 268). The grandmother responds, â€Å"Gone With the Wind† (OConnor 268), this symbolically representing each of the family members at the end of the story as their souls have been let loose and set free like the wind. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;By illustrating play on words, OConnor continues to maintain the trend of death. The town where the family meets their fate is brilliantly noted, Toombsboro† (OConnor 270). Two deadly words are excreted from the town’s name, tomb and bury. The meaning of the town enhances a foreshadowing quote from the misfit. The grandmother asks, â€Å"What did you do to get sent to the penitentiary that first time?† (OConnor 276). The Misfit’s answer slyly enhances the meaning of the town’s name by explaining, â€Å"Turn to the right, it was a wall†¦Turn to the left it was a wall.Show MoreRelatedJohn Copley and Benjamin West813 Words   |  4 Pagesfurther into Copley’s and West’s artwork(s) and this is what I have found. John Singleton Copley’s painting: Mars, Venus, and Vulcan: The Forge of Vulcan features Venus which is the symbol of love and sex. It shows Venus as very seductive young woman. It also has cupid’s arrows which also represents love. Half of the painting is painted dark giving the painting a dreadful feeling. Half of the painting is painted light giving the feeling of relief. 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Topics in Information Technology Ethics for Computer Applications

Question: Discuss about theTopics in Information Technology Ethics for Computer Applications. Answer: Introduction Doing Ethics Technique (DET) is defined as a tool which assists in finding different ethical and non-ethical issues relating to a situation by giving answers to simple questions (Lekakos, Vlachos Koritos, 2014). This paper will implement Doing ethics technique on the situation provided in Scenario 3: Early launch (Video 1) (Al-Saggaf, 2016). The DET will assist in determining ethical issues provided in the scenario and analyse the potential implications of such ethical issues. Ethical theories will be implemented for assessing the morality of the situation. Further, different options will be discussed to find the most suitable solution to the ethical problems that occurred due to adoptions and use of ICT. Doing Ethics Technique What is going on? In the video, based on the recommendation of the CIO, project director is asking the project manager to deliver the software one month earlier than its original deadline. In order to save the time, he is asking him to avoid the encryption of the software. The project manager denies by saying that the senior developer has emphasised the importance of the encryption for the security of the software without which it might get hacked. The project director said that delivering the project earlier will give additional benefits to the project manager and his team. He also said that they can attach the encryption to a software update after delivering the software. What are the facts? Encryption helps in protecting personal data by converting it into code which can only be accessed by the person who has the code key (Singh, 2013). It prevents unauthorised access and protects the data in case of a breach (Rewagad Pawar, 2013). Project manager emphasis on the importance of encryption for the software and how lack of security can negatively affect millions of people. Project director tries to entice the project manager by saying that he and his team will receive bonuses if they deliver the software without encryption. What are the issues? The key issue is the security of the software since the project director is asking it to release the software without encryption. The project director is avoiding the recommendation of the senior developer that encryption is vital for the security of the software. For personal and companys gain, project director is willing to sacrifice the security of millions of people which is morally incorrect. The project director is enticing the project manager by saying that he and his team will receive additional benefits if they deliver the software one month before the deadline. Who is affected? Project Manager: The project manager is responsible for ensuring the security of the software and delivering it one month earlier than the deadline without encryption increases the risk of hacking. Project manager is responsible for protecting the privacy of millions of people who will get affected in case the software gets hacked. People: Without encryption, it is easier for cybercriminals to hack the software and collect the personal information of people who are using the software. Organisation: In case the software gets hacked, the reputation of the company will be lost, and it will be difficult for them to get new clients in the future. Client: The client will suffer the most in case the data gets led by hackers. The client can also sue the software development company for providing software without encryption which increases the risk of cyber-attacks. What are the ethical issues and implications? The primary ethical issue is the security of millions of people whose personal details will be leaked in case the software gets hacked. According to Deontological ethical theory, rightness or wrongness of an action prevail over it right or wrong consequences (Yazdani Murad, 2015). Therefore, based on this theory, it is ethically incorrect for CIO and project director to force and entice the project manager by saying he and his team will receive handsome bonuses if they deliver the software a month earlier than the deadline without encryption. The implications of the ethical issues might negatively affect millions of people by leaking their sensitive data (Derr, 2012). The company and its employees will also negatively affect due to adverse implications of issues. What can be done about it? In order to avoid ethical issues, CIO and project director should listen to the project manager and his team and take into consideration their recommendations. They should not force the team to deliver the software one month earlier without encryption to gain an unfair advantage. The company should focus on improving the quality and security of its software rather than providing it earlier than deadline to make the client happy. What options are there? Project managers can accept the offer of project director and deliver the software without encryption which makes it easier for cybercriminals to hack and collect the personal data of millions of users. Project director can avoid the recommendation of the project manager and deliver the project by hiring a new team of developers. Project director can listen to the recommendations of project manager and his team and focus on the security of the software rather than gaining an unfair advantage. Which option is best and why? The best option in this scenario is that project director listens to project manager and his team and dismisses the decision to deliver the software one month before the deadline. The software should be encrypted to protect the data of its users. The company can avoid the risk of hacking by delivering the software on the deadline after completing its encryption. It is the ethical decision since it will protect the reputation of the company and data of millions of users. Conclusion Conclusively, it is ethically incorrect for companies to put their advantage above peoples security. The top-level management should consider the recommendations of the team before taking any shortcuts which may negatively affect others. In this case, it is ethically wrong for the company to force and deliver the software one month early without encryption since it may get hacked and leaked personal data of millions of users. References Al-Saggaf, Y. (2016, October 31). Scenario 3: Early Launch. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5M7ohdZ6qA Derr, C. L. (2012). Ethics and leadership.Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics,9(6), 66. Lekakos, G., Vlachos, P., Koritos, C. (2014). Green is good but is usability better? Consumer reactions to environmental initiatives in e-banking services.Ethics and Information Technology,16(2), 103-117. Rewagad, P., Pawar, Y. (2013). Use of digital signature with diffie hellman key exchange and AES encryption algorithm to enhance data security in cloud computing. InCommunication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 437-439). IEEE. Singh, G. (2013). A study of encryption algorithms (RSA, DES, 3DES and AES) for information security.International Journal of Computer Applications,67(19). Yazdani, N., Murad, H. S. (2015). Toward an ethical theory of organizing.Journal of Business Ethics,127(2), 399-417.