Decision of Allowing the Procurement of Used Items Essay

Discussing the pros on the decision of allowing the procurement of used items in public sector (PPA 2011): * It is economical; This is because of the liquidity crisis and improvements in product quality control hence some governments are opting for secondhand purchases. The current update in this regard is that, According to BBC News (Feb’2009) the Indonesian military is currently negotiating with the US Army to purchase secondhand F-16 fighter jets in a bid to modernize its air power military capability. Mark you Indonesia is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and one of the dynamic emerging markets in the world. The country is also a member of the elite G-20 major economies. Quality control especially technically aircraft never get old as such because they are meet international standards and principles that govern air transport. * It is affordable to procure at low cost of acquisition, in case of emergencies circumstances to rescue situations especially those of public interest, the * government should allow procurement of used equipment under exceptional circumstances to serve people, that are evaluated on case by case basis procurement in the need The Bank understands that the decision between the outright purchase and lease arrangements depend on the economic loss and benefits, however, given the potential risk associated with used equipment, the government should consider leasing as the preferred alternative only in emergency. * It helps and is the way to go if the government is to fulfill its obligations as far as capital intensive investments are concerned. â€Å"Purchasing secondhand machines suited Tanzania at the moment because many countries were applying the same strategy on costly machines such as planes, train engines and ships. * Equipment may be available immediately, that result to shorten procurement process of acquiring used equipment, compared to the time  required for the acquisition of new equipment because it involves ordering which took sometimes up to delivery period. Discuss the cons on the decision of allowing the procurement of used items in public sector (PPA 2011) * May lead to procure poor quality items that do not meet intended purpose that is performance requirements of the goods, and minimum standards for age, residual economic life, and quality of materials. That might result in massive economic losses this is refer to the economic life cycle of goods procured. Since they will not be expected to originate from Tanzania, it will be difficult to get authenticated record of the time they had been used and condition at the time of sale. * Failure of getting loans from world Bank at deficit circumstances, this is according to World Bank Procurement Manual Draft (2001)- Procurement of brand new Goods policy, which explain that it the Bank’s general Policy is to finance the procurement of new goods only. Borrower’s procurement should be to the new. * Procurement of used goods does not correspond to the principles of value for money, since the experience in the country has shown there were no credible personnel to undertake such kind of purchasing with evidence of quality of such used items together with its residual value, relevant to the cost of purchase/money spend on buying. * Creation of a fertile ground for rampant corruption because the government/institutions functionaries might use this loophole to buy junk equipment through underhand methods thus causes great losses to the taxpayers. * Higher running expenses, It is cost fully in case of running expenses such as maintenance and service for used item than for brand new equipment, when government institutions decides to purchase used items, will result to incur a lot of money spending on frequently buying costly spare parts and  maintenance as a result to high total cost of operation hence less productivity. Summary: The decision of allowing the procurement of used items in public sector have their respective advantages and disadvantages to the national economy and general social welfare issues as follows. The advantages of procurement of used items are; it is economical, It is affordable due to low cost of acquisition, Used equipment may be available immediately, procurement of more items for the same budget, improves transparency and integrity. The disadvantages are Lack of competitive bidding, failure of getting loans from world Bank, May lead to procure poor quality, does not correspond to the principles of value for money, Creation of a fertile ground for rampant corruption, and Higher running expenses.

Alysis of Milkshake Essay

After careful analysis of the does this milkshake taste funny case, I believe that the managements social end ethical responsibilities chapter and the influence, power, and leadership chapter hold the solution to this problem. George Stein, a college student employed for the summer by Eastern Dairy is faced with an ethical dilemma. His co-workers don’t care about proper procedures required in ensuring that the milkshake produced during the shift is hygienic and safe for human consumption. The milkshake that is produced is usually delivered to fast-food restaurants and drive-ins. George had less than a minute to think about his choices and altruism and must decide if he is going to remove the filters from the plant’s piping and, thus, allow the current production run of milkshake mix to be contaminated with maggots or refuse to remove the filters, and report the maggot problem to management. This course of action will save the company money, at least in the short run, an d allow George’s shift to go home on time. George was disturbed by the mental image of children drinking contaminated milkshakes as he weighed his ethical options. Although he does not have much empowerment, he can still do something in regards to this matter if he consults with Paul. In this case, there are several instances of poor management including a lack of proper training, and accountability and adherence to manufacturing industry standards. A company as large as Eastern Dairy should have a manager on site and more than four employees on for the night shift, especially given how critical the night shift is in meeting production needs. Paul and George have different sets of values. Paul is worried about going home early and the cost impact to the company if product needs are not met for one night with his instrumental value. Paul’s decision to ignore the issues puts George in an extremely difficult situation. Paul should be worried about the issue and the fact that George could whistle blow and call the outside authorities upon the issue. Another issue to note is the management in the corporation. All too often, employees have self serving motives and conflicts of interest that essentially stems from culture of the organization and how it operates. When George initially brings the issue to Paul, we learn quickly from Paul’s  demeanor that he had encountered this problem in the past and had seen maggots several times. Paul could benefit from behavior modification to fix his normal actions when an issue like this one is brought up to his attention. Paul is essentially immune to the feeling that George experienced as he was headed home. George should have tried to influence Paul to clean the maggots and throw the 500 gallon mix away to assure the cleanliness of the batch even though he doesn’t have the power that Paul does. If the issue is thoroughly fixed, the boss should offer positive reinforcement to get them to keep making the right decision on what to do. The lack of ethical culture that was instilled by Eastern Dairy’s management is such that the employees just care about clocking in and out and do not take pride in their work at all, they need corporate social responsibility. The fact that Paul is in a position to oversee the night shift in and of itself is a significant issue. Furthermore, the company culture did not instill the ethical values that are required to best serve customers. If they did, people like Paul would not be in a position to make decisions that adversely impact the company’s quality of work and reputation. The third issue in this case involves ethical awareness and practical intelligence and how to instill that awareness in the workplace. It starts with strong leadership and a commitment to excellence by serving the best interests of your customers. It is a system that can not be understated. Most successful organizations have a strong ethical leadership team, that includes both formal leadership with official objectives set in place, and informal leadership with the goals that have not been set but are more unofficial and unsaid. The employees look up to this for guidance and also for direction.

Recomedation to Managers Who Feel Stuck or Underutilized in their Jobs Essay

Recomedation to Managers Who Feel Stuck or Underutilized in their Jobs - Essay Example At this stage in life, children would have grown up and left home. This allows such managers’ to do things they would not do when they were younger.The managers are not tied down to geographical areas or neighborhoods, it is possible to accept overseas posting or to new environments within their own country. The managers are seasoned, experienced and have in-depth knowledge of the working of the company. This allows them to seek new opportunities for opening and running overseas company branches or newly acquired businesses. Many companies utilize managers who are at this stage of company development to integrate newly acquired businesses. In midlife, some neglected or latent parts of the self-begin to bubble up and be manifest. Managers who feel stuck in their jobs should utilize their new personality traits to seek out more challenging opportunities to utilize their skills in combination with these new personality traits. Managers who feel underutilized should be creative and carefully plan how to renew their careers with the support of their immediate supervisors.Constantly thinking of new ideas and seeking different approaches to solving problems and going to the immediate supervisor with specific practicable suggestions will help in shining the spotlight on the development needs. These managers may solicit for opportunities to review or develop company policies, as their opinions and perspectives on processes, problems and important issues are greatly valued. Managers who feel stuck in their jobs should join training programs and aim to improve their overall development; they should acquire new skills, techniques and develop a variety of specialties that will open new avenues for challenging.

Total Quality Management TQM' Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Total Quality Management TQM' - Term Paper Example The one common aspect was the urge to improve the â€Å"quality† of life. The desire to improve the quality of life was the major driving factor in all the advancements that were achieved through the journey from Stone Age to advanced civilization. The desire to make life easier urged humanity to find ways and processes that can improve the standards and quality of their life. As humanity started making strides in improving the quality of life, the concept of improving the quality standards started making influx in other fields as well especially in the business world. The introduction of the quality management in the business process changed the entire face of the business world as it helped them in improving their products and services day after day. Microsoft’s example is one of the best examples of improving quality. A business, which started its operations from a garage eventually, became the leader of the operating software industry. The major reason for its succe ss was the constant improvement in the operating software, which was used worldwide on personal and official level. They anticipated the demands of the market and thus were able to introduce improved and quality products and services to their users. ... What is Total Quality Management? The Total Quality Management includes three concepts. Firstly, â€Å"total† which emphasis that all the employees in the organisation know how to achieve the set standards of the company. Secondly, â€Å"quality† means the best possible level a product or outcome can achieve. Lastly, the management points out the commitment that is required from the employees to produce the desired results (Naagarazan, 2005). Total Quality Management is involved in the strategic planning process and involves the ideas that can produce the products and services, which exceed the expectation of the target customers. It promotes the concept of constant improvement, which is pivotal for the success of any organisation. Total Quality Management is an art that requires the involvement of every resource an organisation may have. Google is considered one of the best examples of Total Quality Management. Google when started its operations in 1998, the industry w as occupied with the giants like MSN and Yahoo. However, in very short span of time, three years to be precise, Google became the market leader of the search engine industry and to date enjoys almost 70 percent of the search engine market share followed by Bing, which stands at 9 percent. The major reason for the success of Google in this short span of time was the constant improvement in the procedures of search results. The results shown by Google are now considered to be the most accurate one with elimination of spam to a large extent, this is why Google became a giant and started to expand in the other industries as well (Garg and Mishra, n.d). Importance of Total Quality Management The dynamic nature of all the industries in the

Is the statement ''Good record-keeping shows good clinical care'' true Assignment

Is the statement ''Good record-keeping shows good clinical care'' true Discuss - Assignment Example A good clinical record should include: (1) pertinent information of the patients’ medical history, including important negatives; (2) examination results, including important negatives; (3) differential diagnosis; (4) details of any laboratory exams ordered, and any treatment provided; (5) patients’ progress report; (6) follow-up schedules; (7) information shared with or discussed to the patient, such as associated complications of a treatment; and (8) patients’ non-compliance of the treatment (Medical Protection Society [MPS], 2011). This should be written objectively, clearly and legibly; with the name and signature of the medical practitioner; as well as the date and time of examination affixed after the report (MPS, 2011). Clinical records are part and parcel of patient care, which ensures the safe delivery of health care, as well as positive patient outcomes. Medical records are the basis for establishing a high quality of patient care (Ram & Carpenter, 2007 ). It is a vital tool that allow medical practitioners to understand; learn from; and correct errors made in the past (Ram & Carpenter, 2007). ... A detailed account of patient complaints help medical practitioners focus treatment plan and care provision on the problem presented; and on its associated complication. It provides a list of objective manifestation that form the basis for the diagnosis; and it prevents deviation from the ideal course of treatment. By setting out on a treatment course designed for the patient, unnecessary tests, medications, procedures, as well as expenses can be dodged; and a focused plan of care can be applied. According to Blake (2010), â€Å"good record-keeping will assist the member in accurately recalling the starting point with the client, the agreed-upon goals and process, and evaluating the extent to which the goals have been achieved† (p.15). Information contained in medical records serve as a basement data with which present, and future assessment findings can be compared with. This aids the health providers in deciding; in planning; and in evaluating the treatment regimen and other interventions for the patient. Documenting assessment findings, outcome interventions, and other observed manifestations, can help medical practitioners monitor the progress of patient care; and identify, as well as prevent possible adverse effects resulting from the treatments employed. In a study by Pomeranz (n.d) on deaths caused by medication errors, he emphasized that â€Å"...better awareness can help prevent some of the deaths [caused by adverse medication reactions;]...and better record keeping can help prevent patients’ being given drugs that they have had allergic reactions to in the past...† (as cited in Grady, 1998, n. pag.). Pertinent information that can affect

Nursing Theory Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing Theory Critique - Essay Example The significant influence of the theory is the need for congruency in therapy as well as empathetic understanding to the client. The theorist provided a logical statement on the problem-solving approach that can be easily used by practitioners to show different activities within their nursing practice. The method is general to clients with particular health needs and specific health needs and specific nursing problem. The theory is much practical and helpful to the healing process by providing a concept of problem-solving techniques. The theory provides an understanding and a way of predicting outcomes by recommending treatment regimens that people should follow to achieve good health conditions. The theory suggests that a correct diagnosis and effective medical treatment are significant activities to survival and the quality of life of an individual. The theory has guided great deal of research on coping with health threats. The theory focuses on personal cognitive understanding of health problems and ways of solving them. The research done by the Leventhal’s Common Sense Model in 1984 is an example of this theory. The strength of this theory includes the fact that various nursing activities its approach. The language used in this method is also simple and clear. The theory pays little attention to what the client achieves when provided with client care. The theory also fails to offer a perspective on humans and

Capstone Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Capstone - Term Paper Example As described by American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (2009), Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) in the United States were awarded with an anesthesia bachelor’s degree, diploma or certificates. These Degree programs commenced as early as 1976 as drafted by the Council of Accreditation. In 1990, master’s degree programs were rolled out scheduled for a duration of eight years (1990-1998) in the Kaiser Permanente California State University. However, modifications have ever since been made to enhance the educational and experience parameters. According to the current obligations spelt out in USA, nurse anesthetists are first required to go through a complete bachelor’s degree course in Nursing or related field. This is then followed by a registration as a nurse after having served as a full-time nurse in an acute care setting to gain adequate nursing experiences. In the third place, any nurse anesthetist has to pass the state certification examinations to attain Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) qualification. Lastly, continuous assessments to earn educational credits and re-certification are conducted. This is a strategy meant for all nurse anesthetists to continuously and regularly earn educational credits at an interval of every two years throughout their professional practice as nurses. As research works provide (Dackiewicz N. et al. 2012), there are varied challenges and issues that have raised concerns over the professional roles of nurse anesthesia. Such issues and challenges range from cultural, spiritual, educational, legal, professional and economical intricacies. In the first instance, healthcare policies have propagated increased healthcare spending (economical challenge). For instance, the US has reported an outrageous 14% of their gross domestic products as being spent on health care activities. The 14% rate is very