Protecting and Preserving Our Environment Essay Example for Free

Securing and Preserving Our Environment Essay At WD, we perceive the need to safeguard and ensure the earth’s indispensable characteristic assets. We accept that piece of being a decent corporate resident and a decent neighbor is keeping up or improving the tidiness of the air, water and place where there is the areas in which we work. Therefore, our offices all through the world conform to material ecological laws and guidelines, and each has created and actualized an extensive arrangement of practices intended to guarantee proceeded with consistence. Moreover, we persistently survey our tasks and procedures to distinguish openings which permit us to lessen or reuse side-effects created by our exercises. We are additionally worried about securing the regular assets of the networks in which our items are sold and utilized. We audit the substance of the items we produce and have set up projects to dispense with or eliminate the utilization of specific materials limited by universal enactment. We have additionally started offering available to be purchased a line of items explicitly intended to diminish the ecological effect coming about because of their utilization. The entirety of our assembling offices in Asia have ecological administration frameworks set up which are ISO 14001 affirmed. Every office has a far reaching strategy and set of supporting strategies tending to natural licenses, contamination counteraction, unsafe substances, wastewater and strong squanders, airborne outflows and item content. Our arrangements express a guarantee to proceeded with progress, and to this end, we survey the status of our ecological administration frameworks at any rate every year. The entirety of our assembling offices have natural masters nearby, and we give preparing programs on ecological practices for representatives whose activity obligations sway our natural administration frameworks. Moreover, the entirety of our offices give clear composed heading to all representatives and laborers in dialects fitting to each site in regards to prerequisites and obligations regarding natural practices as per organization strategy. Consistence with RoHS and WEEE Directives WD items fabricated and sold worldwide after August 1, 2005, meet or surpass Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) consistence necessities as ordered by the European Union for electrical and electronic items. The RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament, which was successful in the EU starting July 1, 2006, plans to ensure human wellbeing and the earth by limiting the utilization of certain risky substances in new hardware, and comprises of limitations on lead, mercury, cadmium, and different substances. The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) mandate was created to limit the removal of electrical and electronic hardware into landfills. WD hard drive items and bundling remember the WEEE image for help of this order. Provider Compliance WD has led and keeps on directing exceptionally broad tests in regards to utilization of ecological agreeable material on the entirety of our segments. WD requires all segment providers meet WD’s ecological Specification, named â€Å"WD’s Environmental Guidelines for Materials, Components and Products.† This 20-page Specification presents the most extreme edge limits for confined, disallowed and oversaw substances and expects providers to cling to every single appropriate law. Moreover, the Specification expresses that all WD providers and sub-providers will be relied upon to finish ecological announcement structures for every new material and parts dependent on a mix of information on their approaching crude materials, process survey and their own scientific testing and confirmation information. Providers are required to keep up archived records, made accessible to Western Digital, showing which measures are utilized to guarantee consistence to the Specification . We survey all suppliers’ Declarations of consistence with WDs ecological Specification during the dispatch of each new hard drive program and furthermore track this along with an outsider Analytical lab information by part in our Environmental Compliance database. What's more, we keep up exacting necessities regarding Supplier Process/Material Change demands. Providers are likewise required to track their in procedure tests to guarantee consistence to the affirmed Process Management Plan and endorsed materials. These are normally examined by WD. Ozone harming substance Emissions Worldwide environmental change, brought about by expanding groupings of barometrical carbon dioxide, is one of the most huge concerns confronting our present reality. As a corporate resident, WD is especially touchy with the impacts of worldwide environmental change. The need to comprehend the study of environmental change and to figure fitting approach to address logical discoveries is increasing as time passes. To see WD’s Greenhouse Gas report, click here. QA for Environmental and Hazardous Materials Natural QDoes Western Digital have the board agents answerable for guaranteeing consistence regarding ecological laws, guidelines and codes? AYes. Western Digital has the board agents at all basic locales whose center obligation is checking, imparting and preparing workers in all parts of natural consistence as identified with the particular office. QDo Western Digital’s offices get intermittent reviews of natural practices so as to evaluate conformance with administrative and different prerequisites? AYes. Western Digital behaviors both inward and outside reviews to assess its consistence with material natural laws and guidelines. QWhat kinds of approaches, rules or strategies does Western Digital keep up comparative with natural projects? AWestern Digital keeps up ecological polices, rules as well as strategies which address natural grants, contamination anticipation, unsafe substances, fluid waste, strong waste, air discharge controls and item content. The substance of these projects is conveyed to our representative populace using different organizations remembering for individual preparing, online preparing, up close and personal correspondences, postings and announcements. All projects are imparted in different dialects proper to the representative populace of every one of our offices to safeguard that all workers have an away from of the projects. QDoes Western Digital spot legally binding prerequisites on its providers to be in consistence with natural laws, guidelines and sets of accepted rules? AYes. At whatever point conceivable, Western Digital executes contracts with its providers which require, in addition to other things, that the providers consent to all significant and material ecological laws and guidelines. QIs Western Digital required to keep up certain ecological allows in the tasks of its offices? AYes. Western Digital is required to keep up certain natural allows as identified with the tasks of its offices. In view of the geology and the activities, licenses might be required for compound taking care of and capacity, squander treatment, wastewater release, air outflows and capacity tanks. QDoes Western Digital make accessible Material Data Safety Sheets (MSDS) to laborers that handle synthetic substances? AYes. Western Digital makes MSDS sheets accessible to workers on location at all of its offices. Moreover, Western Digital agreements for OnCall MSDS data locally. Risky Materials QDoes Western Digital utilize risky materials in its assembling procedure? AYes. Western Digital uses an assortment of dangerous materials in its assembling activities. Groupings of dangerous materials incorporate flammables, combustibles, corrosives and poisonous gases. QHow does Western Digital store synthetic concoctions at its offices? AWestern Digital stores every single perilous material in consistence with appropriate laws and guidelines. Capacity regions are made sure about and secured containing different sorts of holders including bottles, chambers, drums and other endorsed vessels with the suitable kind of naming and control as required or suggested by codes, guidelines and different specialists. QDoes Western Digital create squanders that are named risky squanders? AYes. Western Digital produces different sorts and amounts of unsafe squanders. All squanders are discarded in consistence with relevant law, and we consistently review our dangerous waste haulers and their offices. QDoes Western Digital have a program or strategies for the executives of unsafe waste? AYes. Western Digital has an assortment of projects and methods for the administration of its perilous waste. These incorporate checking, portrayal, treatment, change and attitude. All squanders are discarded in consistence with pertinent law, and we routinely review our unsafe waste haulers and their offices. QDoes Western Digital have a site explicit administration framework enlisted to ISO 14001, OSHAS 18001, or other perceived wellbeing and security or ecological administration measures? AYes. Western Digital manufacturing plants in Malaysia and Thailand keep up the board frameworks which have earned the ISO 14001 and OSHAS 18001 assignment. QDoes Western Digital have projects or techniques to lessen or kill contamination and waste in its activities? AWestern Digital is continually searching for approaches to dispense with or lessen contamination or waste created by our tasks. Among the projects we consider are dissolvable re-use or disposal, process waste and discharge minimization, bundling decrease, reusing or end just as decreases in ozone depleting substance (GHG) emanations. QDoes Western Digital have projects or methodology to diminish the utilization of vitality, water and other normal assets in its tasks? AWestern Digital is continually searching for approaches to decrease vitality and other regular asset utilization in our activities. Among the projects we consider are

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Synopsis - Essay Example into standard America be that as it may, fulfillment of the said reconciliation involved the doing combating and opposition of WASP America’s separation and biases. The historical backdrop of Italian migration to America gives a setting to understanding the motivation behind why they introductory involved the lower level of the European ethnic movement gatherings. Simply expressed, Italian movement to the United States didn't start vigorously until the late nineteenth century, enduring to the mid twentieth, making this one of the remainder of the European ethnic gatherings to move to this nation. As both late foreigners and, obviously, Catholics, they stood apart from standard, White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, America. Italian settlers didn't just stand apart due to their strict alliance or their late appearance to America but since of their relationship with sorted out wrongdoing. The linkage, genuine and not accepted, between driving individuals from the Italian American people group and the Sicilian mafia, and their transplantation of the Sicilian sorted out wrongdoing model to the United States, fuelled standard America’s biases towards Italian outsiders. Seen of as either Mafioso or frivolous crooks, they were consigned to the base of the social progressive system and effectively banished from open office, countless instructive organizations and even social clubs. By the third era, be that as it may, partialities had dissolved. The Italian American people group had progressively embedded itself into standard America through the appropriation of the center culture. The third generation’s obvious Americanism altogether encouraged this group’s coordination and their expanding accomplishment at upward social portability cemented their status as Americans who happened to be of Italian plunge, rather than Italian Americans. Right now, this ethnic gathering remains at or over the national normal to the extent that the entirety of salary, instruction and occupation are concerned. Likewise with the Italians, the Jews are late

Reasons Behind the Rise in Heroin Use

Reasons Behind the Rise in Heroin Use Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print Reasons Behind the Rise in Heroin Use By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 18, 2019 copy Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery There is little doubt that heroin use is making a comeback in the United States given the increase in the number of seizures of the illegal drug at U.S. borders and the rapid increase in overdose deaths reported throughout the country. The difference now is heroin use is not limited to the dark corners and back alleys of urban America, its finding its way into rural back roads, suburban streets, and high-end apartments in New York City, cutting across all demographic groups. The Reach of Heroin Almost daily, news articles from law enforcement and health officials across the nation report sharp local increases in heroin overdose deaths. In Vermont, Gov. Pete Shumlin devoted his entire 2014 annual address to the legislature to what he called the heroin crisis in the state. The current prevalence and reach of heroin use in society were  seen in the death of Academy Award-winning actor Philip Seymour Hoffman, who was found dead with a needle in his arm and 70 bags of heroin in his $10,000-a-month New York apartment. Heroin FAQ Heroin Use Increases Sharply According to data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), heroin use rose sharply for people ages 12 to 49 between 2007 and 2011. However, the trend appears to be reversing for first-time use, even as the numbers of those addicted climb. Past-month heroin users rose from 373,000 in 2007 to 620,000 in 2011, but declined to 435,000 in 2014 and 329,000 in 2015.Those addicted to heroin increased from 179,000 in 2005 to 369,000 in 2011 and to 591,000 in 2015.First-time heroin users jumped from 106,000 in 2005 to 212,000 in 2014 but declined to 135,000 in 2015.The age of initiation of heroin use trended toward younger ages from 2005 to 2010 but reversed and by 2014 was at an older age than ever at 29.6 years old.A positive trend is that more users who inject heroin are seeking treatment, increasing from 26% in 2003 to 46% in 2013. The vast majority have no wait or only a one-week wait to enter treatment in 2013. Heroin Overdose Deaths Increasing The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration developed its 2016 National Drug Threat Assessment Summary using data from more than a thousand state and local law enforcement agencies. According to the DEAs report, deaths attributed to heroin overdose rose sharply from 1,879 in 2004 to 10,574 deaths in 2014. The DEA attributed the increase in deaths from heroin overdose to three factors: the availability of high-purity heroin, people abusing prescriptions turning to heroin, and people using heroin for the first time at a younger age. Availability of High-Purity Heroin Law Enforcement officials in every area where an increase of heroin overdose deaths has been seen  also reported an increase of high-purity heroin available at the street level. Southwest border seizures of heroin increased 352% from 2008 to 2015, according to the DEA. Officials believe the increase in higher purity heroin into the U.S. is coming from Mexico and South America, expanding into areas of the country used to a less-pure form of the drug.   The Different Types of Heroin Prescription Drug Abusers Switching to Heroin The crackdown by federal and state authorities on the prescription drug abuse epidemic had some unintended consequences. The focus on shutting down pill mills and doctor shopping made prescription drugs like OxyContin more difficult to get and more expensive. Consequently, many former pain pill abusers turned to heroin instead because it was readily available and less expensive. According to SAMHSA, people who previously used prescription pain pills non-medically were 19 times more likely to initiate heroin use than non-prescription abusers. In fact, SAMHSAs 2013 report showed that almost four out of five (79.5%) of new heroin users previously abused prescription pain relievers. Law enforcement and treatment officials likewise report that a majority of heroin users they encounter previously abused prescription opioids. Can Prescription Abuse Lead to Heroin Use? New Heroin Users Were Younger Another factor DEA officials think contributes to heroin overdose deaths is that more people were using the drug at a younger age. The average age of first use of heroin dropped significantly from 2007 to 2010, reaching a low of 21.4 years. However, that trend reversed and the age of initiation climbed back to 29.6 years in 2014. Overdose deaths could be attributed, in part, to the fact that many young people are also  binge drinkers. The combination can be a deadly one. What Is the Danger? There are two main dangers in using heroin: it is highly addictive and it has a high risk of accidental overdose. Unlike prescription drugs, heroin purity and dosage amounts can vary widely. Basically, the heroin user never really knows what level of dosage they may be taking. If someone is used to using a form of heroin that has been heavily cut or stepped on by mixing it with other ingredients and they suddenly find themselves with a batch of pure heroin, the consequences can be fatal. The Health Effects of Heroin Combined With Other Drugs Sometimes heroin dealers mix the drug with other substances. For example, a batch of heroin sold in bags marked Theraflu, Bad Ice, or Income Tax was mixed with the potent painkiller fentanyl and was blamed for 22 overdose deaths in the Pittsburgh area, proving again that heroin users never know what they are getting. Also, heroin is the most commonly found illicit substance involved in accidental alcohol and/or drug intoxication deaths. Drinking alcohol with any opioid is highly dangerous because both are central nervous system depressants that can combine to stop the users breathing. The DEA is working to address this by increasing the awareness among practitioners and pharmacists of the heroin and prescription drug problem. Heroin: Everything You’ve Been Afraid to Ask

Professional Development Plan LDR 531 Essay - 987 Words

Professional Development Plan Organizational Leadership/LDR 531 November 11, 2013 Professional Development Plan The goal of this essay is to develop a plan that will address the characteristics of â€Å"Learning Team D† including the team member designated as manager. If the plan is effective it can be used to determine the needs of the learning team. It can also be used a as a tool for the members to assess their skills, strengths, areas needing improvement, and the resources needed to help them reach their career goals. DISC Assessment During week one of organizational leadership all of the members of â€Å"Learning Team D† took the DISC Platinum rule; a behavioral style assessment that breaks down the individuals†¦show more content†¦Their primarily driven by personal goals set to an internal timetable that requires they accomplish bigger and better goals. The pioneer is more guarded and less direct. This person is driven by being in a position to direct and redirect task accomplishments. They often pursue unique accomplishments. The master-minder is more guarded and less indirect. They are driven by opportunities for unique and significant personal accomplishments. Often this person allows actions to speak for them more than their words. An e-graph (see Table 1 page 3) has been included in this document which lists all of the team members and where they fall on the in relation to each other. Tendencies â€Å"Teamwork is critical to successful use of talent, skills, knowledge and labor in a globally competitive marketplace. All members of a team and organization have something to share with others and something to learn† (Kaye, Hogan, 1999). Combined â€Å"Learning Team D† has a lot of strengths some of the innate tendencies are that a majority of the team is tenacious. As a whole they seek to get things done quickly. The members all express confidence in their ability to achieve and make things happen. They are able to create a plan of action and follow-up routines. The team is able to take calculated risks when making decisions. The team is able to see things in black and white. This makes it easier for them to delegate and take charge when it is required. Members often downplayShow MoreRelatedLDR 531 Final Exam Answers15099 Words   |  61 PagesLDR 531 Final Exam Answers http://homeworkmonster.com/downloads/ldr-531-final-exam-answers/ LDR 531 Final Exam Answers 1) Which of the following is best defined as a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, which functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals? 2) Over the past 2 decades, business schools have added required courses on organizational design to many of their curricula. Why have they done this? 3) Robert Katz identifiedRead MoreLdr 531 Final Exam 30/30 Correct Answers590 Words   |  3 PagesLDR 531 Final Exam 30/30 Correct Answers Follow Link Below To Get Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/ldr-531-final-exam-3030-correct-answers/ Description: 1) Which of the following is best defined as a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, which functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals? 2) Over the past 2 decades, business schools have added required courses on organizational design to many of theirRead MoreProfessional Development Plan Essay717 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Professional Development Plan Russell Mattox LDR/531 9/12/14 Daniel Kessinger Professional Development Plan In order to develop a plan that will address the characteristics of my group and me as a leader; a thorough review of the completed DISC assessments much be completed on an individual basis and an overall plan can be derived thereafter. The individual analyses are as follows: Individual Assessments Jeremy Conner, Jessica Mills, and Brian TuckRead MoreProfessional Development Plan Week 21056 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Marcia Scobey Professional Development Plan LDR/531 May 18, 2015 Prof. Sandra Griffin Professional Development Plan This professional development plan will help determine the need of the team, and to help us improve. Learning Team c has done a DiSC Assessment to better develop this team. This plan is to also show myself as a leader that I can be flexible with the different personality types and know what I need to do to get my team or that individual to improve theirRead MoreProfessional Development Plan For An Organization1400 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Development Plan Organizational Leadership/LDR 531 August 15, 2016 Professional Development Plan As human beings, the author understands that trends keep changing every day or throughout the year. Everyone needs to keep themselves up-to-date with an essential concentrate of their mind manifestation to retain his or her desired path and perception. To get hold of one’s destination he or she should arrange everything accordingly to their pre-designed plan before executingRead MoreEssay Apple Inc Organization Structure1318 Words   |  6 PagesApple’s Business Examination Paper Becky Wilson LDR/531 October 3, 2012 Dr. David E. Ferguson   Ã‚   Every Organization or business has to have organizational structure in order to succeed because it prioritizes the hierarchy, identifies the guidelines, policies and procedures needed for a company achieve goals and objectives. The Organizational structure also depicts levels of management from the top down. The organization that I would like to work for is Apple Inc., In this essay, I will

Max and Inflection Points of Chi-Square Distribution

Mathematical statistics uses techniques from various branches of math to prove definitively that statements regarding statistics are true. We will see how to use calculus to determine the values mentioned above of both the maximum value of the chi-square distribution, which corresponds to its mode, as well as find the inflection points of the distribution.   Before doing this, we will discuss the features of maxima and inflection points in general. We will also examine a method to calculate a maximum the inflection points. How to Calculate a Mode with Calculus For a discrete set of data, the mode is the most frequently occurring value. On a histogram of the data, this would be represented by the highest bar. Once we know the highest bar, we look at the data value that corresponds to the base for this bar. This is the mode for our data set.   The same idea is used in working with a continuous distribution. This time to find the mode, we look for the highest peak in the distribution. For a graph of this distribution, the height of the peak is a y value. This y value is called a maximum for our graph because the value is greater than any other y value. The mode is the value along the horizontal axis that corresponds to this maximum y-value.   Although we can simply look at a graph of a distribution to find the mode, there are some problems with this method. Our accuracy is only as good as our graph, and we are likely to have to estimate. Also, there may be difficulties in graphing our function. An alternate method that requires no graphing is to use calculus. The method we will use is as follows: Start with the probability density function f (x) for our distribution.  Calculate the first and second derivatives of this function: f (x) and f (x)Set this first derivative equal to zero f (x) 0.Solve for x.Plug the value(s) from the previous step into the second derivative and evaluate. If the result is negative, then we have a local maximum at the value x.Evaluate our function f (x) at all of the points x from the previous step.  Evaluate the probability density function on any endpoints of its support. So if the function has domain given by the closed interval [a,b], then evaluate the function at the endpoints a and b.The largest value in steps 6 and 7 will be the absolute maximum of the function. The x value where this maximum occurs is the mode of the distribution. Mode of the Chi-Square Distribution Now we go through the steps above to calculate the mode of the chi-square distribution with r degrees of freedom. We start with the probability density function f(x) that is displayed in the image in this article. f (x) K xr/2-1e-x/2 Here K is a constant that involves the gamma function and a power of 2. We do not need to know the specifics (however we can refer to the formula in the image for these). The first derivative of this function is given by using the product rule as well as the chain rule: f ( x ) K (r/2 - 1)xr/2-2e-x/2 - (K / 2) xr/2-1e-x/2 We set this derivative equal to zero, and factor the expression on the right-hand side: 0 K  xr/2-1e-x/2  [(r/2 - 1)x-1 - 1/2] Since the constant K, the exponential function and xr/2-1   are all nonzero, we can divide both sides of the equation by these expressions.   We then have: 0 (r/2 - 1)x-1 - 1/2 Multiply both sides of the equation by 2: 0 (r - 2)x-1 - 1 Thus 1 (r - 2)x-1 and we conclude by having x r - 2. This is the point along the horizontal axis where the mode occurs.   It indicates the x value of the peak of our chi-square distribution. How to Find an Inflection Point with Calculus Another feature of a curve deals with the way that it curves. Portions of a curve can be concave up, like an upper case U. Curves can also be concave down, and shaped like an   intersection symbol ∠©. Where the curve changes from concave down to concave up, or vice versa we have an inflection point. The second derivative of a function detects the concavity of the graph of the function. If the second derivative is positive, then the curve is concave up. If the second derivative is negative, then the curve is concave down. When the second derivative is equal to zero and the graph of the function changes concavity, we have an inflection point. In order to find the inflection points of a graph we: Calculate the second derivative of our function f (x).Set this second derivative equal to zero.Solve the equation from the previous step for x. Inflection Points for the Chi-Square Distribution Now we see how to work through the above steps for the chi-square distribution. We begin by differentiating. From the above work, we saw that the first derivative for our function is: f (x) K (r / 2 - 1) xr/2-2e-x/2 - (K / 2) xr/2-1e-x/2 We differentiate again, using the product rule twice. We have: f ( x ) K (r / 2 - 1) (r / 2 - 2)xr/2-3e-x/2 - (K / 2)(r / 2 - 1)xr/2-2e-x/2 (K / 4) xr/2-1e-x/2 - (K / 2)(r / 2 - 1) xr/2-2e-x/2 We set this equal to zero and divide both sides by Ke-x/2 0 (r/2 - 1)(r/2 - 2)xr/2-3 - (1 / 2)(r/2 - 1)xr/2-2 (1/ 4) xr/2-1 - (1/ 2)(r/2 - 1) xr/2-2 By combining like terms we have: (r/2 - 1)(r/2 - 2)xr/2-3 - (r/2 - 1)xr/2-2 (1/ 4) xr/2-1 Multiply both sides by 4x3 - r/2, this gives us: 0 (r - 2)(r - 4) - (2r - 4)x x2. The quadratic formula can now be used to solve for x. x [(2r - 4) /- [(2r - 4)2 - 4  (r - 2)(r - 4) ]1/2]/2 We expand the terms that are taken to the 1/2 power and see the following: (4r2 -16r 16) - 4 (r2 -6r 8) 8r - 16 4(2r - 4) This means that: x [(2r - 4) /- [(4(2r - 4) ]1/2]/2 (r - 2) /- [2r - 4]1/2 From this we see that there are two inflection points. Moreover, these points are symmetric about the mode of the distribution as (r - 2) is halfway between the two inflection points. Conclusion We see how both of these features are related to the number of degrees of freedom. We can use this information to help in the sketching of a chi-square distribution. We can also compare this distribution with others, such as the normal distribution. We can see that the inflection points for a chi-square distribution occur in different places than the inflection points for the normal distribution.

Human Trafficking in the US Free Essays

Sex Trafficking in the United States Imagine yourself leaving for a trip that you have been looking forward to. You get packed, board the plane, and then finally you arrive at your destination. After settling in you go explore the area. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Trafficking in the US or any similar topic only for you Order Now At this point, you are kidnapped. You cannot do anything to protect yourself or to escape. You end up being forced to strip your clothes and have your body sold. You are now an object, no longer a person. Welcome to the victims’ world of sex trafficking. Because sex trafficking is an underground business, it may be difficult to completely stop this exploitation. Knowing the signs, watching for human sex trafficking, and acting quickly can save countless lives. Sex Trafficking is any practice that involves moving people within and across local or national boundaries for the purpose of sexual exploitation (Farr 2). It is the fastest growing crime in the United States and the second largest illegal trade after the drug industry. Human Trafficking has been going on for over one hundred years. Human Sex Trafficking happens all over the world, including the United States. There are approximately twenty-seven million victims of sex trafficking worldwide; three undred thousand of them are women and children bought and sold yearly here in the U. S. Of the three hundred thousand sex slaves sold in the US, 25% are forced into the business by parents or family members and 75% are former runaways. Each year, 1. 7 million children run away from home. From that number, 90% will be approached by traffickers within 48 hours. Many of which do not make it out the industry alive. In the state of Texas alone, there are only 99 known survivors in the last 20 years whoVe managed to escape sexual slavery (Preda. org). Victims of sexual slavery are not all kidnapped, majority are tricked into the business. Most of the women trafficked into brothels posing as massage businesses are not U. S. citizens, and many do not have documented status. Therefore, traffickers use the threat of deportation to maintain control of immigrant women. Without legal status, the women frequently fear and distrust police or government authorities. Immigrant women are vulnerable due to language barriers, unfamiliarity with their legal rights in the US, and/or the lack of a local support network. Others can be women with financial need or in debt leave the women vulnerable to recruiters, who appear to be offering legal Jobs. Sex trafficking thrives because it is low in risk and high in pay off. The United States FBI estimates about three thousand Russian mobsters control gangs in American cities that involve forced prostitution (Stoecker, Shelly 14). These groups generate 7 billion dollars yearly in the United States. Since there are currently no consistent or accurate ways of tracking these crimes, statistics may vary. Because this is a large and very detailed business, many people are involved throughout the process. Everyone involved has a role to play to ensure the process is done quickly and smoothly. The recruiter finds and brings the victims into the industry usually by force or deception. The recruiter then sells the women to brokers or directly to employers. Brokers are the â€Å"middleman†; they buy the women from recruiters and sell them to employers, those who own brothels or bars. If the women are being transported from overseas, a contractor organizes the transaction. Next an Employment or Travel agent is needed. Their main purpose is to arrange a â€Å"legitimate† Job and Job description or a† legitimate† trip. A document theft or forger obtains all the legal documentation needed to travel from country to country. The transporter travels with the women to each destination and delivers them to the recruiter. Who then sells them to the employers. The employers provide the women with a place to live and work; telling them of the working conditions, living arrangements, and lifestyle. A large number of employers are bar or club owners, while a very small percentage of them are street pimps. For large establishments an enforcer serves as security for the place of business (Farr 63). The life of a sex slave can be compared to an animal caged in a zoo. You are brought out only to do your trick, and then locked in a cage again. Victims, usually ages 11-17, are chained to a bed or confined in small living quarter’s majority of the day until they are fed, usually something light to keep their weight down. Then they are given ice-cold showers to reduce the swelling on their bodies. Attendants then cover-up their bruises from the night before, put make-up on the girls, and then present them to another group of men for more abuse and profit. The women usually serve 5 to 30 men a night. Many of these victims turn to drugs as a solace for the life they have been brought into. Drugs and beatings numb their capacity for thoughts of escape and further iscourage the energy or alertness required to act on their desire for freedom. Many never make it out of the industry alive (preda. org). Stopping Sex Trafficking is harder than it may seem. There are signs of human sex trafficking that everyone should be aware of. Visible indicators may include: Heavvy security at the commercial establishment including barred windows, locked doors, isolated location, and electronic surveillance. Women are never seen leaving the premises unless escorted. Victims live at the same premises as ‘the brothel or work site, or are driven between uarters and â€Å"work† by a guard. Victims are kept under surveillance when taken to a doctor, hospital or clinic for treatment; trafficker may act as a translator. High foot traffic especially for brothels where there may be trafficked women indicated often by a stream of men arriving and leaving the premises. Physical signs of a person being trafficked include: malnutrition, dehydration or poor personal hygiene; sexually transmitted diseases; signs of rape or sexual abuse; bruising, broken bones, or other signs of untreated medical problems; critical illnesses including diabetes, cancer or eart disease; post-traumatic stress or psychological disorders (humantraffcking. org). How to cite Human Trafficking in the US, Papers

Criminal Procedure for Fiduciary or Confidential Relationship

Question: Discuss about theCriminal Procedure for Fiduciary or Confidential Relationship. Answer: Generally, a lawyer and client maintain a fiduciary or confidential relationship between each other as stated in decision of Descteaux v. Mierzwinski [1982] 1 SCR 860 where the Court recognise the communication of client and solicitor as confidential and fundamental right. However the response to the problem deals with an exception of the privilege of solicitor client that is (1) Where nature of lawful guidance is not pursued; (2) Where no intentions to make any confidential communication; (3) Communication is in nature of fostering any illegitimate conduct of client (Lefstein, 2007). The primary object of the privilege communication is to build a privacy area in order to preserve confidentiality without accusatorial meddling in litigation and without distress of early discovery of privileged communication. In support of response to the problem, the court is not bound to maintain the privileged communication in any circumstances (Griffiths, 2014). The general rule of section 4(3) of the Canada Evidence Act state that that no spouse communication can be obliged to testify in any criminal matter as ruled under R. v. Schell (2004), 188 C.C.C. (3d) 254, 20 C.R. (6th) 1 (Alta. C.A.)., where the Court held that spousal privileged communication deals with a vital principle of the protection of marital harmony. It is a fundamental principle that no spousal privileged communication is protected by the court unless it is declared or asserted. Such spousal privileged communication completely depends on the assertion of the spouse. In order to establish the principle of the spousal privileged, the counselor of spouse has to declare a right of spousal immunity and must distinguish between the scope of spousal testimonial privileged and spousal privilege. (Posner, 2008) The following conversation are protected in spousal privileged are The communication either in the form of oralorwritten. Thecommunicationmustbein nature ofaconfidentialcharacter. Any communication discloses any criminal liability over a spouse. Thecommunicationmustcreateina permanentassurancethatitneverbedisclosed to any other (Martin, 2001). Informer privileged has been originated by the leading case of 19th century Marks v Beyfus (1890), 25 QBD 494. The case deals with a significant factor to protect the informer because informer plays a vital role in the protection of material evidences during investigation. The verdicts were that informer is classified under special criteria of class privilege where absolute protection is provided to the informer. Even the court cannot exercise its discretionary power to waive the protection to informer privilege (Haig, Raikes MacMillan, 2014). The specific category of privilege is provided to police informer. The police informer plays a vital role in concealing the important sources or information or networks of the police and also provides aid to police in any investigation process of the case. The court examines the legal application in the case of R. v. Named Person B, 2013 SCC 9 to protect the police informer in order to assure the confidentiality in any official matters. The court considers the view that police informer deemed to be a hidden agent of the police who ultimately work in interest of public. The two ways by which Crown Prosecutor can invoke informer privilege are The crown prosecutor can invoke the application of section 37 of theCanada Evidence Act. The case R v Meuckon (1990), 57 CCC (3d) 193 (BCCA) states that assertion can be personally claimed by the prosecutor. The appeal of acquittal can be requested by the crown prosecutor by asserting the court that opposite counsel does not support the verdicts and it does not provide any material evidences to the case. If the disclosure is not feasible then in such condition the crown is available with an option to stay the court proceedings under section579of theCriminal Codeon a ground of an unexceptional circumstance made out in a case where the justice can be preserved and maintained in favour of informer privileges. Such option availed the opportunity to re commence the litigation in future. The only exception to informer privilege is that Innocence at Stake. The exception permits the breach of privileged on a factor raise on reasonable doubt. Under this exception, the informer privilege and solicitor and client privileged are not offended by any breach in a privileged communication. The exception to innocence at stake specified in case of R v. Leipert (Gillers, 2014). References Gillers, S. (2014).Regulation of Lawyers: Problems of Law and Ethics. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Lefstein, N. (2007). The Criminal Defendant Who Proposes Perjury: Rethinking the Defense Lawyer's Dilemma.Hofstra L. Rev.,6, 665. Griffiths, C. (2014).Canadian Criminal Justice: A Primer, 5e(Vol. 5). Nelson Education. Posner, R. A. (2008). Privacy, surveillance, and law.The University of Chicago Law Review,75(1), 245-260. Haig, J., Raikes, G., MacMillan, V. (2014).Cites sources: An APA documentation guide. Nelson Education. Martin, D. L. (2001). Lessons about justice from the laboratory of wrongful convictions: Tunnel vision, the construction of guilt and informer evidence.UMKC L. Rev.,70, 847.